
POSTGRESQL 9.4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Система предыдущей версии установлена в /usr/local/pgsql4
под пользователем postgres4.

postgres4> ls -l /usr/local/pgsql4 
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      root 4096 дек.  14 18:56 bin
drwx------ 18 postgres4 root 4096 дек.  14 19:02 data
drwxr-xr-x  6 root      root 4096 дек.  14 18:56 include
drwxr-xr-x  4 root      root 4096 дек.  14 18:56 lib
drwxr-xr-x  7 root      root 4096 дек.  14 18:56 share

.......................................................................

Создадим табличное пространство и базу данных.

postgres4> rm -rf /home/postgres4/ts_dir 
postgres4> mkdir /home/postgres4/ts_dir 
        psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres

        => create tablespace ts location '/home/postgres4/ts_dir';
        CREATE TABLESPACE

        => create database db23;
        CREATE DATABASE

        => \c db23
        You are now connected to database "db23" as user "postgres".

.......................................................................

Создадим таблицу и установим расширение.

        => create table test(id serial, s text) tablespace ts;
        CREATE TABLE

        => insert into test(s) values ('Привет от 9.4!');
        INSERT 0 1

        => create extension pgcrypto;
        CREATE EXTENSION

.......................................................................

На этом останавливаем систему.

        => \q

postgres4> pg_ctl -w stop -m fast 
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped

.......................................................................

PostgreSQL версии 9.5 собран, но еще не установлен.
Каталог установки - /usr/local/pgsql4, при этом новая версия
будет пересекаться со старой.
Поэтому сначала надо перенести 9.4 в другой каталог, а после
этого можно устанавливать 9.5.

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4 
sudo mv /usr/local/pgsql4/ /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/ 

Команда отрабатывает быстро независимо от размера файлов.

.......................................................................

Заметим, что табличные пространства переносить не надо.
После перемещения мы по-прежнему можем запустить сервер
либо изменив переменную PGDATA, либо явно указав пути.
Однако потребуется явно указать путь к библиотекам.

postgres4> bash -c "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/lib/; /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/bin/pg_ctl -w start -l /home/postgres4/logfile -D /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data" 
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
        psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres

        => select version();
                                                      version                                               
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         PostgreSQL 9.4.8 on i686-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04) 4.8.4, 32-bit
        (1 row)
        

        => \q

postgres4> bash -c "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/lib/; /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/bin/pg_ctl -w stop -m fast -D /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data" 
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped

.......................................................................

POSTGRESQL 9.5
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Устанавливаем новую версию PostgreSQL 9.5.

sudo sh -c "make -C /home/student/postgresql-9.5.3 install > /dev/null" 

.......................................................................

Попробуем запустить новую систему со старым кластером.

postgres4> pg_ctl -w start -l /home/postgres4/logfile -D /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data 
waiting for server to start.... stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.

Сервер не запустился: основные версии не совместимы.

postgres4> tail -n 2 /home/postgres4/logfile 
FATAL:  database files are incompatible with server
DETAIL:  The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 9.4, which is not compatible with this version 9.5.3.

.......................................................................

Инициализируем кластер 9.5.

sudo mkdir /usr/local/pgsql4 
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/usr/local/pgsql4’: File exists
sudo chown postgres4 /usr/local/pgsql4 
postgres4> pg_ctl -o "-U postgres" initdb 
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres4".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locales
  COLLATE:  en_US.UTF-8
  CTYPE:    en_US.UTF-8
  MESSAGES: en_US.UTF-8
  MONETARY: ru_RU.UTF-8
  NUMERIC:  ru_RU.UTF-8
  TIME:     ru_RU.UTF-8
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

creating directory /usr/local/pgsql4/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
creating template1 database in /usr/local/pgsql4/data/base/1 ... ok
initializing pg_authid ... ok
initializing dependencies ... ok
creating system views ... ok
loading system objects' descriptions ... ok
creating collations ... ok
creating conversions ... ok
creating dictionaries ... ok
setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok
creating information schema ... ok
loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok
vacuuming database template1 ... ok
copying template1 to template0 ... ok
copying template1 to postgres ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    /usr/local/pgsql4/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql4/data -l logfile start


.......................................................................

Убедимся, что версия 9.5 работает:

postgres4> pg_ctl -w start -l /home/postgres4/logfile 
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
        psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres

        => select version();
                                                      version                                               
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         PostgreSQL 9.5.3 on i686-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04) 4.8.4, 32-bit
        (1 row)
        

        => \q

postgres4> pg_ctl -w stop 
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped

.......................................................................

Попробуем запустить pg_upgrade в режиме проверки.
Мы должны указать пути к исполняемым файлам и к данным
как для старой версии, так и для новой.

postgres4> pg_upgrade --check --link -b /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/bin -B /usr/local/pgsql4/bin -d /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data -D /usr/local/pgsql4/data 
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions                                   ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking database connection settings                       ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok
Checking for reg* system OID user data types                ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch       ok
Checking for presence of required libraries                 fatal

Your installation references loadable libraries that are missing from the
new installation.  You can add these libraries to the new installation,
or remove the functions using them from the old installation.  A list of
problem libraries is in the file:
    loadable_libraries.txt

Failure, exiting

Утилита обнаружила проблему: в новом кластере не хватает библиотек.

.......................................................................

Посмотрим список:

postgres4> cat loadable_libraries.txt 
Could not load library "$libdir/pgcrypto"
ERROR:  could not access file "$libdir/pgcrypto": No such file or directory


.......................................................................

Это библиотека установленного нами расширения. Ее необходимо
установить и в новом кластере.

sudo sh -c "make -C /home/student/postgresql-9.5.3/contrib/pgcrypto install > /dev/null" 

.......................................................................

Проверяем еще раз.

postgres4> pg_upgrade --check --link -b /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/bin -B /usr/local/pgsql4/bin -d /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data -D /usr/local/pgsql4/data 
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions                                   ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking database connection settings                       ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok
Checking for reg* system OID user data types                ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch       ok
Checking for presence of required libraries                 ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok

*Clusters are compatible*

Теперь кластеры совместимы, обновление возможно.

.......................................................................

Выполняем обновление в режиме создания ссылок.

postgres4> pg_upgrade --link -b /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/bin -B /usr/local/pgsql4/bin -d /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data -D /usr/local/pgsql4/data 
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions                                   ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking database connection settings                       ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok
Checking for reg* system OID user data types                ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch       ok
Creating dump of global objects                             ok
Creating dump of database schemas
  db23
  postgres
  template1
                                                            ok
Checking for presence of required libraries                 ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok

If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb the
new cluster before continuing.

Performing Upgrade
------------------
Analyzing all rows in the new cluster                       ok
Freezing all rows on the new cluster                        ok
Deleting files from new pg_clog                             ok
Copying old pg_clog to new server                           ok
Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster       ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets                ok
Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server              ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members                ok
Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server              ok
Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster        ok
Resetting WAL archives                                      ok
Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster       ok
Restoring global objects in the new cluster                 ok
Restoring database schemas in the new cluster
  db23
  postgres
  template1
                                                            ok
Adding ".old" suffix to old global/pg_control               ok

If you want to start the old cluster, you will need to remove
the ".old" suffix from /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/global/pg_control.old.
Because "link" mode was used, the old cluster cannot be safely
started once the new cluster has been started.

Linking user relation files
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/16385/12134
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/16385/12136
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/16385/11996
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/16385/11998
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/16385/16386
  /home/postgres4/ts_dir/PG_9.4_201409291/16385/16388
  /home/postgres4/ts_dir/PG_9.4_201409291/16385/16392
  /home/postgres4/ts_dir/PG_9.4_201409291/16385/16394
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/12177/12134
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/12177/12136
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/12177/11996
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/12177/11998
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/1/12134
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/1/12136
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/1/11996
  /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/base/1/11998
                                                            ok
Setting next OID for new cluster                            ok
Sync data directory to disk                                 ok
Creating script to analyze new cluster                      ok
Creating script to delete old cluster                       ok

Upgrade Complete
----------------
Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,
once you start the new server, consider running:
    ./analyze_new_cluster.sh

Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:
    ./delete_old_cluster.sh

.......................................................................

Проверим результат.

postgres4> pg_ctl -w start -l /home/postgres4/logfile 
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
        psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres

        => select version();
                                                      version                                               
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         PostgreSQL 9.5.3 on i686-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04) 4.8.4, 32-bit
        (1 row)
        

.......................................................................

        => \c db23
        You are now connected to database "db23" as user "postgres".

        => select * from test;
         id |       s        
        ----+----------------
          1 | Привет от 9.4!
        (1 row)
        

Обновление успешно: нам доступно содержимое старого кластера.

.......................................................................

Посмотрим на табличное пространство:

postgres4> tree /home/postgres4/ts_dir --inodes 
/home/postgres4/ts_dir
├── [1076417]  PG_9.4_201409291
│   └── [1076418]  16385
│       ├── [1076419]  16388
│       ├── [1076420]  16392
│       └── [1076421]  16394
└── [1076432]  PG_9.5_201510051
    └── [1076433]  16401
        ├── [1076419]  16388
        ├── [1076420]  16392
        └── [1076421]  16394

4 directories, 6 files

Во-первых, внутри каталога создается подкаталог для каждой
версии, поэтому пересечения по файлам не происходит.
Во-вторых, как видно по числу в квадратных скобках (inode),
файлы в двух табличных пространствах на самом деле разделяют
общее содержимое.

.......................................................................

Заглянем в сгенерированные pg_upgrade-ом скрипты.
Скрипт для сбора статистики:

postgres4> cat analyze_new_cluster.sh 
#!/bin/sh

echo 'This script will generate minimal optimizer statistics rapidly'
echo 'so your system is usable, and then gather statistics twice more'
echo 'with increasing accuracy.  When it is done, your system will'
echo 'have the default level of optimizer statistics.'
echo

echo 'If you have used ALTER TABLE to modify the statistics target for'
echo 'any tables, you might want to remove them and restore them after'
echo 'running this script because they will delay fast statistics generation.'
echo

echo 'If you would like default statistics as quickly as possible, cancel'
echo 'this script and run:'
echo '    "/usr/local/pgsql4/bin/vacuumdb" --all --analyze-only'
echo

"/usr/local/pgsql4/bin/vacuumdb" --all --analyze-in-stages
echo

echo 'Done'

.......................................................................

Скрипт для удаления старых данных:

postgres4> cat delete_old_cluster.sh 
#!/bin/sh

rm -rf '/usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data'
rm -rf '/home/postgres4/ts_dir/PG_9.4_201409291'

.......................................................................

Конец демонстрации.

.......................................................................

postgres4> pg_ctl stop 
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
